Media Influence and Ingrained Prejudice

Media Influence and Ingrained PrejudiceJeremy A. DietzThe origins of preconceived idea vary greatly from star culture to an other. Some cultures appear to have evil ingrained into them over long periods of time, while other forms of outrage occur much more(prenominal) rapidly. Regardless of the length of time that a prejudice has existed, the media can contribute to perpetuating and strengthening an ingrained prejudice through its multiple outlets. While the origins of prejudice differ, moderate such(prenominal) as television, the internet, newspapers, and magazines can have a very strong influence on an already existing prejudice or even attend to solidify a newly developed prejudice belief.Origins of PrejudiceThere are many proposed theories on the origins of various prejudice beliefs and behaviors. One theory is that prejudice actually has a genetic and maturationary basis. Another possible origin of prejudice is based on societal interactions and laws created by those in authority (Baron Branscombe, 2012). as yet another theory is that prejudice goes hand in hand with racism and is accelerated by certain events or acts which may be deemed as a threat are performed by passel sharing a particular ethnicity, religion, physical characteristics, or otherwise common characteristic (Baron Branscombe, 2012).Prejudice when described as having an evolutionary and genetic background is often explained by the process of natural selection. This theory suggests that the brain patterns of early military man were actually wired to establish a type of prejudice against those of differing physical characteristics (Utsey, Ponterotto, Porter, 2008). During the early days of human development, limited resources often caused much competition between various clans or tribes. The tendency of humans then was to give members of their own clan a priority for survival and viewed others as possible threats. One such idea is the resource retention recover theory, which s uggests that prejudice views were formed particularly during periods of scarce resources (Utsey, Ponterotto, Porter, 2008). During these periods, groups of humans would try to stockpile resources for their own family or tribe which most often tended to be other tribe with like physical characteristics. Outsiders were avoided or viewed as less worthy of the various resources (Utsey, Ponterotto, Porter, 2008). Another similar type of theory based on genetic evolution is called the theory of inclusive fitness (Fishbein, 2003). This theory states that people who are in the same family group will verbalize preferential treatment toward their family and sometimes show hostility towards people from other groups (Fishbein, 2003).When viewing how prejudice is passed down from one generation to the next, some theories suggest that those in authority are primarily liable for perpetuating a particular prejudice belief (Fishbein, 2003). This is accomplished by a younger generation being ta ught by their elders certain prejudice beliefs about those of other groups. The younger generation is expected to accept these views as complete truth and in turn pass it on to their children. It has been suggested that this method is the main source of perpetuating prejudice beliefs throughout human evolution (Fishbein, 2003). These beliefs many times are also perpetuated in forward-looking media.Effects of the Media on Prejudice TodayIn modern society the media has many outlets available to communicate and influence the thoughts and perceptions of a wide range of people regardless of culture and age. Primary forms of media include radio, printed material such as magazines and newspapers, television, and now the internet with its multi-facets of communication reach just about every corner of the earth. For example, talk radio programs have been around for many decades and are air out in almost every country around the globe. These outlets can have a powerful effect on prejudice thoughts of their viewers.One example of prejudice in the media occurred during Hurricane Katrina and the aftermath of flooding that occurred in New Orleans, Louisiana. During this terrible natural disaster, African-American citizens of New Orleans were often depicted in a invalidating light by the mainstream media. Many such citizens were reported as being involved in activities such as plundering and anarchy, however most of these claims were showed to be untrue afterwards (Sonnett, Johnson, Dolan, 2015). During the flooding two photographs also appeared in the mainstream media which were widely distributed and showed further prejudice by their captions. One photo was of a younger egg white couple out finding bread and soda while wading through chest-deep water, while a very similar photo of a untried black man also in chest-deep floodwater carrying food was labeled as looting (Sonnett, Johnson, Dolan, 2015).In some modern films there seems to be a impulsion of sorts to portr ay prejudice as a behavior that everyone exhibits, regardless of race or background. According to Nishi, Matias, and Montoya (2015), the 2004 film Crash is an example of such a stead (Haggis Cheadle, Crash). The film has several scenes line drawing prejudice behavior. One scene shows a black woman being assaulted by a police officer who is white. that in another scene shortly following, an African-American man is himself exhibiting prejudice behavior against his partner. Research by Nishi et al. (2015) suggests that this is a type of colorblindness which in reality is not accurate either historically or in modern times. It has been proposed that this perspective is actually meant to excuse the prejudice behavior shown by white people, as people of minority backgrounds are also showing similar ingrained prejudice behavior (Nishi et al. 2015).Another avenue of the media that has the power to project prejudice behavior is that of advertising, especially in television. Commercials on television have great influence on prejudice, not only by what products are being advertised, but more significantly on who the advertisements depict. According to the research performed by Howell (2012), African Americans are often portrayed in commercials, but there is a well-defined trend towards depicting lighter skinned African American females in television advertisements. In fact, in commercials which feature an African American couple, there is an approximate five to one ratio where the male is darker skinned than the female (Howell, 2012). This obvious trend would appear to suggest a prejudice in the media against dark skinned females.ConclusionIt is clear to see that while the origins of prejudice can be varied, the media has the ability to influence nearly any type of prejudice that may exist. Through its many facets, the media reaches nearly every culture on earth in some form or another. Regardless of whether a prejudice is based on what might be a genetic or evolutio nary trait, societal disposition, or racial bias, the media has the power to serving perpetuate or tear down these ingrained prejudice behaviors. Sadly, there are many examples of the media contributing to these deplorable behaviors, but hopefully time will prove that the influence of the media will be used to help dissolve ingrained prejudice.ReferencesBaron, Robert A. Branscombe, Nyla R. (2012), The Causes, Effects, and Cures of Stereotyping, Prejudice, and Discrimination. Social Psychology. (13th edition, pp. 176-213). Boston, MA Pearson.Fishbein, H. D. (2003). The Genetic/Evolutionary Basis of Prejudice and Hatred. Journal Of Hate Studies, 3(1), 113-119.Haggis, P. (Director), Cheadle, D. (Producer). (2004). Crash Motion picture. USA Lions Gate Films.Howell, L. D. (2012). TV Ads in Black And Light. USA Today Magazine, 141(2810), 58-60.Nishi, N. W., Matias, C. E., Montoya, R. (2015). Exposing the white avatar projections, justifications, and the ever-evolving American racism. Social Identities, 21(5), 459-473. doi10.1080/13504630.2015.1093470Sonnett, J., Johnson, K. A., Dolan, M. K. (2015). Priming Implicit Racism in Television News optical and Verbal Limitations on Diversity. Sociological Forum, 30(2), 328-347. doi10.1111/socf.12165Utsey, S. O., Ponterotto, J. G., Porter, J. S. (2008). Prejudice and Racism, Year 2008-Still Going Strong Research on Reducing Prejudice With Recommended Methodological Advances. Journal of commission Development, 86(3), 339-347. doi10.1002/j.1556-6678.2008.tb00518.x