Media Influence and Ingrained Prejudice

Media Influence and Ingrained PrejudiceJeremy A. DietzThe origins of preconceived idea vary greatly from star culture to an other. Some cultures appear to have evil ingrained into them over long periods of time, while other forms of outrage occur much more(prenominal) rapidly. Regardless of the length of time that a prejudice has existed, the media can contribute to perpetuating and strengthening an ingrained prejudice through its multiple outlets. While the origins of prejudice differ, moderate such(prenominal) as television, the internet, newspapers, and magazines can have a very strong influence on an already existing prejudice or even attend to solidify a newly developed prejudice belief.Origins of PrejudiceThere are many proposed theories on the origins of various prejudice beliefs and behaviors. One theory is that prejudice actually has a genetic and maturationary basis. Another possible origin of prejudice is based on societal interactions and laws created by those in authority (Baron Branscombe, 2012). as yet another theory is that prejudice goes hand in hand with racism and is accelerated by certain events or acts which may be deemed as a threat are performed by passel sharing a particular ethnicity, religion, physical characteristics, or otherwise common characteristic (Baron Branscombe, 2012).Prejudice when described as having an evolutionary and genetic background is often explained by the process of natural selection. This theory suggests that the brain patterns of early military man were actually wired to establish a type of prejudice against those of differing physical characteristics (Utsey, Ponterotto, Porter, 2008). During the early days of human development, limited resources often caused much competition between various clans or tribes. The tendency of humans then was to give members of their own clan a priority for survival and viewed others as possible threats. One such idea is the resource retention recover theory, which s uggests that prejudice views were formed particularly during periods of scarce resources (Utsey, Ponterotto, Porter, 2008). During these periods, groups of humans would try to stockpile resources for their own family or tribe which most often tended to be other tribe with like physical characteristics. Outsiders were avoided or viewed as less worthy of the various resources (Utsey, Ponterotto, Porter, 2008). Another similar type of theory based on genetic evolution is called the theory of inclusive fitness (Fishbein, 2003). This theory states that people who are in the same family group will verbalize preferential treatment toward their family and sometimes show hostility towards people from other groups (Fishbein, 2003).When viewing how prejudice is passed down from one generation to the next, some theories suggest that those in authority are primarily liable for perpetuating a particular prejudice belief (Fishbein, 2003). This is accomplished by a younger generation being ta ught by their elders certain prejudice beliefs about those of other groups. The younger generation is expected to accept these views as complete truth and in turn pass it on to their children. It has been suggested that this method is the main source of perpetuating prejudice beliefs throughout human evolution (Fishbein, 2003). These beliefs many times are also perpetuated in forward-looking media.Effects of the Media on Prejudice TodayIn modern society the media has many outlets available to communicate and influence the thoughts and perceptions of a wide range of people regardless of culture and age. Primary forms of media include radio, printed material such as magazines and newspapers, television, and now the internet with its multi-facets of communication reach just about every corner of the earth. For example, talk radio programs have been around for many decades and are air out in almost every country around the globe. These outlets can have a powerful effect on prejudice thoughts of their viewers.One example of prejudice in the media occurred during Hurricane Katrina and the aftermath of flooding that occurred in New Orleans, Louisiana. During this terrible natural disaster, African-American citizens of New Orleans were often depicted in a invalidating light by the mainstream media. Many such citizens were reported as being involved in activities such as plundering and anarchy, however most of these claims were showed to be untrue afterwards (Sonnett, Johnson, Dolan, 2015). During the flooding two photographs also appeared in the mainstream media which were widely distributed and showed further prejudice by their captions. One photo was of a younger egg white couple out finding bread and soda while wading through chest-deep water, while a very similar photo of a untried black man also in chest-deep floodwater carrying food was labeled as looting (Sonnett, Johnson, Dolan, 2015).In some modern films there seems to be a impulsion of sorts to portr ay prejudice as a behavior that everyone exhibits, regardless of race or background. According to Nishi, Matias, and Montoya (2015), the 2004 film Crash is an example of such a stead (Haggis Cheadle, Crash). The film has several scenes line drawing prejudice behavior. One scene shows a black woman being assaulted by a police officer who is white. that in another scene shortly following, an African-American man is himself exhibiting prejudice behavior against his partner. Research by Nishi et al. (2015) suggests that this is a type of colorblindness which in reality is not accurate either historically or in modern times. It has been proposed that this perspective is actually meant to excuse the prejudice behavior shown by white people, as people of minority backgrounds are also showing similar ingrained prejudice behavior (Nishi et al. 2015).Another avenue of the media that has the power to project prejudice behavior is that of advertising, especially in television. Commercials on television have great influence on prejudice, not only by what products are being advertised, but more significantly on who the advertisements depict. According to the research performed by Howell (2012), African Americans are often portrayed in commercials, but there is a well-defined trend towards depicting lighter skinned African American females in television advertisements. In fact, in commercials which feature an African American couple, there is an approximate five to one ratio where the male is darker skinned than the female (Howell, 2012). This obvious trend would appear to suggest a prejudice in the media against dark skinned females.ConclusionIt is clear to see that while the origins of prejudice can be varied, the media has the ability to influence nearly any type of prejudice that may exist. Through its many facets, the media reaches nearly every culture on earth in some form or another. Regardless of whether a prejudice is based on what might be a genetic or evolutio nary trait, societal disposition, or racial bias, the media has the power to serving perpetuate or tear down these ingrained prejudice behaviors. Sadly, there are many examples of the media contributing to these deplorable behaviors, but hopefully time will prove that the influence of the media will be used to help dissolve ingrained prejudice.ReferencesBaron, Robert A. Branscombe, Nyla R. (2012), The Causes, Effects, and Cures of Stereotyping, Prejudice, and Discrimination. Social Psychology. (13th edition, pp. 176-213). Boston, MA Pearson.Fishbein, H. D. (2003). The Genetic/Evolutionary Basis of Prejudice and Hatred. Journal Of Hate Studies, 3(1), 113-119.Haggis, P. (Director), Cheadle, D. (Producer). (2004). Crash Motion picture. USA Lions Gate Films.Howell, L. D. (2012). TV Ads in Black And Light. USA Today Magazine, 141(2810), 58-60.Nishi, N. W., Matias, C. E., Montoya, R. (2015). Exposing the white avatar projections, justifications, and the ever-evolving American racism. Social Identities, 21(5), 459-473. doi10.1080/13504630.2015.1093470Sonnett, J., Johnson, K. A., Dolan, M. K. (2015). Priming Implicit Racism in Television News optical and Verbal Limitations on Diversity. Sociological Forum, 30(2), 328-347. doi10.1111/socf.12165Utsey, S. O., Ponterotto, J. G., Porter, J. S. (2008). Prejudice and Racism, Year 2008-Still Going Strong Research on Reducing Prejudice With Recommended Methodological Advances. Journal of commission Development, 86(3), 339-347. doi10.1002/j.1556-6678.2008.tb00518.x

Business Environment For Toyota Motor Corporation

Business Environment For Toyota travel CorporationBusiness environment is about exploring the nature of the chore in which it is world carried out. In this essay, analysis is being make for an automobile company cognize as Toyota Motor Corporation. Toyota Motor Corporation is commonly known as TOYOTA and is abbreviated as TMC. The company was founded by Kiichiro Toyoda in 1937 as a derivative from his fathers company Toyota industries to create automobiles. First passenger car was Toyota AA. Toyota Motor Corporation group companies are Toyota (including the Scion brand), Lexus, Daihatsu and Hino Motors, along with several non-automotive companies.Toyota Motor Corporation uses two tools for its business environment which is oath and grind away.Every business has an internal and an away environment. Before debating on external forces, internal forces/environment should be made clear. Internal environment is the one which is owned and controlled by the organisation itself.It comp rises ofResources Toyota has a wide-eyed variety of resources such as well qualified employees, root word.Knowledge and the actions of conclusion makers As they have well qualified employees, Toyotas decision makers are successful decision makers. immaterial Business environment is a set of political, economic, social and technological forces. These forces can have a negative as well as verifying impact on the operation of a business. External factors are of two types (i) External Micro factors, and (ii) External Macro factors.External micro factors comprises of suppliers, agents, transporters, distributors, wholesalers etc.External macro factors comprises of Political, Economic, Social and Technological factors.External micro factors or industry factors can be influenced by an organisation whereas External macro factors cannot be influenced by an organisation. Before beginning the marketing process, it is very important for an organisation to consider its external macro environ ment. External macro factors comprise of pesterer factors as discussed above.PEST factors are explained belowPolitical Political factor study political stability, legal obligations for contract, intellectual property protection, trade regulations and tariffs, pricing regulations, taxation, wage legislation, product labelling requirements, environmental regulations. In 2004, Toyota spent $2.4 million (approx.) on lobbying. In 2005, its lobbying investment increased to $3.4 million and in like manner for the first time TMC considered on creating a political committee. whiz strong factor behind Toyotas quest of greater political clout may be the possibility that the Big Three, staggered by slumping sales, will ask copulation for subsidies or a bailout, said Joan Claybrook, the president of the Public Citizen watchdog group in Washington.Economic These factors comprise of Government intervention in the free market, infrastructure quality, inflation rate, interest rate, economic growt h rate, availability of labour, wage rate of labour. Toyota got a tax incentive on producing clean go off and hybrid locomotive engine cars. Due to this tax rebate on Toyota, purchasing parity of consumers was increased for expensive hybrid engine and clean fuel cars.Social Social factors involve education, class structure, demographics, culture etc. Toyota has always remained one step ahead to its competitors. Toyota believes in sustainable development and they have proved it by producing clean fuel and hybrid engine cars. These cars ensure safety, better environment and affordability to their customers.Technological These factors depend on a countrys technological knowhow, recent technological advancements, rate of technological diffusion, investments made by the company etc. Toyota invests millions of dollars an hour to improve their technology for better driving experience as well as for the safety of passengers. Toyota also managed to handgrip some awards for their safety sy stems installed in the car, which is again possible due to advanced technology.Advantages of PEST analysisPEST analysis is an effective and efficient tool, which provides a mannikin to an organisation for effective decision make. By making effective use of PEST analysis, one can ensure affirmative orientation of the business organisation. PEST analysis also helps an organisation in avoiding decisions which should not be taken. PEST analysis helps in making lawful decisions for the companies which are willing to enter into a new market.Disadvantages of PEST analysisPEST analysis considers only the external business factors, but in reality all the factors should be considered in guild to make effective decisions for an organisation. Most of the data gathered through this analysis is based on assumptions, which sometimes may not prove to be red-fruited for an organisation. The rapid changes in the world economy can also make it difficult in analysing PEST factors for an organisatio n.The second tool used by TMC, the SWOT analysis is discussed belowSWOT analysis helps an organisation in achieving their goals in the environment in which they are operating. It comprises of environmental factors such as Strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats.An explanation of these factors in context to TMC is discussed belowStrengths Strength can be the expertise of an organisation. This attribute is internal to an organisation and can be controlled by it. Toyota made new investments in USA and China subsequently their profits were also increased. This increase in the profits was due to the effective market segmentation which Toyota made. Toyota uses marketing techniques to find the postulate of their target customers, the profits are also maximised by victimisation effective manufacturing techniques.Weaknesses Weaknesses of a company could be lack of effective marketing techniques, location of business, hapless reputation etc. In Toyotas case, the weakness is the ec onomic and political conditions of the countries in which it manufactures the largest number of cars. The demand for cars in USA and Japan is very fluctuating, this is the reason Toyota is making a shift toward emerging economies like China.Opportunities An organisation can have many opportunities such as mergers and acquisitions, availability of internet through which marketing becomes some(prenominal) easier, a new market segment, advance technology etc. Toyota has an opportunity of advanced technology, a new market segment and the availability of internet. By using advanced technology they produced hybrid cars, they got a new market segment in the name of Youth and they advertise their models on the internet.Threats Threats can be barbarian manufacturing defects which can hamper the reputation of a company, price wars with competitors, new innovative product with the rival etc. Toyota has a threat in terms of some(prenominal) manufacturing defects as well as price wars. In 200 5, Toyota had to recall a large number of vehicles due to faulty front wheel suspension system. And in USA, Toyota is facing tuff competition with General Motors.Advantages of SWOT analysisOne of the major advantages of SWOT analysis is that it provides a clear view of all the opportunities and issues being faced by an organisation. SWOT analysis also helps an organisation in saving time. SWOT analysis is very easy to perform any employee with basal understanding can perform it efficiently.Disadvantages of SWOT analysisSWOT analysis requires further thorough research in order to get a more comprehensive picture. For example, a business must consider the degrees of strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats. Sometimes, an organisation tends to miss the weaknesses after looking at the strengths. A thorough SWOT analysis should also see the opportunities available to a company in relation to strengths and weaknesses. SWOT analysis is an informal method which provides just an ov erview of the current market situation of a company.

How Does Technological Advancement Eliminate Genetic Disease

How Does scientific Advancement Eliminate Genetic DiseaseAmy ChongHow Do Technological Advancement, Combined With Our Extensive Knowledge From The Human Genome Project, Help Us To Eliminate Genetic Diseases?Abstract The use up of this project is to answer the question how do technical advancements, combined with our extensive knowledge from the Human Genome Project, help us to eliminate genic diseases? I want to find out more about ingredienttic diseases, such as myotonic Dystrophy and Cystic Fibrosis, and the stage that scientists be at in curing patients. Ill explore the ethical issues of possible gene editing in the future. Ive carried out a lot of research on the background of genetic diseases and one could speculate that gene editing could eliminate diseases at bottom the next decade or 2, if technologies continue to expand at the current rate. This report has enabled me to recognise the work of scientists and furthermore, encouraged me to pursue a c areer in STEMDS1.Intr oductionHi layer of the Human Genome Project The Human Genome Project was a ground breaking discovery in the understanding of how we evolved as human beings ( thrilly, 2015). Their aim was to map and understand all the genes for building human beings by going through 3.2 billion bases. A genome can be defined as an organisms recognise set of deoxyribonucleic acid, including all of its genes (Genetics home Reference, 2016). This research has clearly revolutionised genetics as the cost of gene editing and examen has decreased by 99 pct (Kurzgesagt, 2015DS2).Methodology My research is based on secondary qualitative research from published journals, scientific reports and books. It didnt cost whatsoever money to conduct. Ive approached my question through Jennifer Doudnas genus Lens on future applied science such as CRISPR to eliminate disease. Theyre all diseases that kick in known genetic causes, and we now have the technology that can haunt those mutations. (Jennifer Doudna, 2016). Ill apply CRISPR in contrast to current technologies used.DNA Coding What is the genetic code? DNA is make up of many nucleotides containing three molecules a deoxyribose pentose sugar, a phosphate group and a nitrogenous organic base. These bases are Cytosine (C), Adenine (A), Thymine (T) and Guanine (G) (Toole, 2015).How does genetic codes link to genetic diseases? three bases code for an amino acid. The code is non-overlapping which reveals theres only twenty different amino acids present in proteins. Changes to the base sequence or quantity ensues in a mutation. There are four types of mutations that can occur during DNA semi-conservative replication non sense datum, missense, silent and frame shift. Any of these changes to the DNA sequence leads to gene mutation(Toole, 2015). This is shown in visit one.Figure one Effects of single base mutation In DNA CodeDS3.Myotonic Dystrophy From the Genome Project, its evident that the isolation of a number of genes is associate d with Myotonic Dystrophy. Myotonic Dystrophy is a dominant disorder. Patients suffer from prolonged contractions, therefore are unable to relax their muscular tissues (Genetics Home Reference,2016). The symptoms start to appear during adulthood. According to the inbred Myotonic Dystrophy in Britain research, (1975) there are two types of Myotonic Dystrophy. emblem one involves weak muscles affecting the lower legs, hands, neck, and face. Whereas type two is associated with the muscles of the neck, shoulders, elbows, and hips. The two differ due to mutations in different genes (Harper, 1975).Figure two (in appendices) reveals the muscle strength of those who suffer from this disease in contrast to a person, with average eyeshade and build, with the muscle strength of 38kg (Grassino etal.,1997135).How does Myotonic Dystrophy differ from other genetic diseases?This genetic disease has different characteristics to a typical dominant disorder. Normally, the symptoms of genetic diseas es dont play worse when they are passed on from parent to child. This is the case with Myotonic Dystrophy. The disease is unique due to the gene containing sharp sequences of DNA thats repeated multiple of times. Type 1 is caused by a mutation in the DMPK gene, which appears to regulate the production and function of structures inside muscle cells. The mutated DMPK gene contains three DNA nucleotides CTG repeated in the ranges from 5 to 34. On the other hand, type two is caused by CNBP gene. This consist of four DNA nucleotides CCTG repeated fewer than 26 times (Carey, 2015).What technologies have been make to eliminate Myotonic Dystrophy?Currently, theres no cure or specific treatment for Myotonic Dystrophy but there is a promising meter forward toward muscular Dystrophy treatment (the University of Rochester checkup Centre, 2012). Their research involves reversing the symptoms by creating synthetic compounds that exit eliminate a buildup of toxic RNA in muscle cells. Thi s was tested on mice and results showed that symptoms were reduced for up to one year. According to Charles Thorntom (2012), these results give us strong encouragement about the possibility of developing a treatment. Is testing mice the best research method? How will we know if the research would eliminate the genetic disease in humansDS4?What are the implications of the research?As the cure is chill out to be found, it is non possible to test on humans due to limitless RNA targets involved in disease the question is how to find small molecules that bind to them, (Disney,2012). Because of limitless RNA targets, it complicates the target amplification system. This is an enzyme-medicated process, therefore, millions of targeted enzymes are copied within several hours the copies made would be used for research. As a result, the techniques are new to contamination. This could lead to false-positive reactions which cause implications for future research (McClatchey, 2002).What has bee n done to prevent false-positive reactions?Perhaps the University of Rochester Medical Center should consider using Kaspersky Lab technology to test for false-positive reactions. The automobile can automatically create files for results that are common or not. Results that are not common are ignored and wont affect research. This upgrade in technology would make their results more clear (Kaspersky Lab, 2015). But should they accept the false positive results as side effects of their research? Could these false positive results be significant in their research?Cystic Fibrosis Cystic fibrosis is an inherited disease causing a build up of mucus to damage the bodys organs. Mucus is a lubricant that entertains the linings of the airways and digestive system. People with cystic fibrosis, produces thick mucus that clogs the airways causing problems with breathing. Over time, it can permanently damage the lungs by producing scar tissues. Scar tissues are thicker and less elastic than norm al tissues so the tidal volume is reduced (Genetics Home Reference, 2016).Which codes causes Cystic Fibrosis? If youre missing two letters out of 3.2 billion of the sequence, ATT CTT GATT, you have cystic fibrosis (Sabatini,2016). Mutation in the CFTR gene disrupts the flow of chloride ions across cell membrane, which is necessary to produce freely flowing mucus (Genetics Home Reference, 2016).What technologies have been made to eliminate Cystic Fibrosis?From the Human Genome Project, we know which genome codes for lungs, and with the help of stem cells and tissue engineering, scientist believe it is possible for human lungs to be successfully heightenn in a lab for the first time, (Medical News Today, 2014). Due to shortage of donor organs, using stem cells (which are able to differentiate in to other cells) is a suited approach for organ replacement. Whilst the field of tissue engineering has successfully reconstructed cartilage frameworks for ears and bones in the skull and fac e they struggle to use stem cells to grow lungs thatll survive and function properly (Lui etal.,2013). This means maintaining blood and oxygen supply inside the body without clotting (The Guardian, 2015). Will growing organs give a better quality of life to those who suffer from Cystic Fribrosis? Would this be as effective as gene editing technology?Gene Editing engine room CRISPR (Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats)CRISPR-Cas9 is a technology, using bacteria, that enables parts of the genome to be cut out and replaced, or to add parts of DNA sequence.The CRISPR-Cas9 system consists of two reveal molecules enzyme Cas9 (a molecular scissors that cuts a specific location of DNA) and RNA (The New York Times, 2015).Figure three (in appendices) will show the steps of gene editing. Once the DNA is edited, the mutation causing the genetic disease would be eliminated (Your Genome, 2016).Technology success Layla recovered from leukaemia thanks to gene-editing technol ogy. For children as young as Layla, the cure rates are only 25 per cent (Sujith Samarasinghe, 2015). As a result, her doctors proceed to gene therapy to removing immune cells from her body and genetically engineer them to attack cancerous cells (Nature, 2015). She received T-cells (exposed to a DNA-cutting enzyme called a TALEN) from a healthy donor. The process was done so that the modified T-cells injected were not recognised as foreign. T-cells are significant because receptor CAR19 helps programs the T-cells to kill any cells with protein CD19 found on cancer cells. Is the process this simple?Theres a risk of the enzyme being cut the wrong place resulting cells turning cancerous (New Scientist, 2015). Research on gene editing is now expanding to minimise this risk. Soon there are a whole bunch of other disorders we cure (Qasim, 2015). Since she is the first person to be cured using gene editing does this mean its safe to proceed this process on other diseases?Ethical Issues Objective of Gene EditingAs the technology is at its early stages, scientist are creating a modified version of Cas9 thatll change specific letters to remove the mutation that caused genetic disease. In more or less eyes, gene editing is unjust since the technology is limited to individuals. Researchers are mainly testing on reproductive cells to prevent children from having the condition. Theyre plan to carry human visitation by the end of 2016. Do we know enough information for humans to participate as the effects are unpredictable? (Your Genome, 2015).Future GenerationsAccording to David Baltimore (2015) we sense that we are close to being able to alter human heredity. CRISPR is opposed by a lot of people as they want new laws and regulations to protect the human gene pool of our entire species. The process is irreversible. If technology advancement and researchers have enough information to create modified humans, we have to consider the cost. This is a valid point as wealthy parent maybe tempted to treat unwanted characteristics that are not actually diseases. Do we want stronger, smarter, taller children with specific colourise eyes? Could designer babies be the answer to eliminate genetic diseases? These are the questions that pose potential flaws is the advancement of technologyDS5.ConclusionGene editing research and technology advancement is the step forward in eliminating genetic diseases. From my selective mention of genetic diseases such as Myotonic Dystrophy and Cystic Fibrosis, we can expose technologies such as growing organs using stem cells and synthesis of compounds to cure disease are making progress. The focus of gene editing will an effective treatment if the trials are successful. This is the beginning of revolutionising human genome and eliminating genetic disease as a whole.ReferencesCarey.N, (2015). Junk DNA. London Icon Books Ltd. Pages 7-11.CNBC, (2016). Editing our genes to cure not just treat disease. Online acquirable at ht tp//www.cnbc.com/2016/05/26/editing-our-genes-to-curenot-just-treatdisease.html Accessed 31 Aug. 2016.Genetic Home Reference, (2016). Myotonic Dystrophy. Online Available at https//ghr.nlm.nih.gov/condition/myotonic-dystrophy Accessed 29 Aug. 2016.Genetic Home Reference, (2016). What is a genome? Online Available at https//ghr.nlm.nih.gov/primer/hgp/genome Accessed 20 Aug. 2016.Grassino etal. (1997). Relationship Between Chronic Hypercapnia and Inspiratory-Muscle Weakness in Myotonic Dystrophy. Am J Respir Crit Care Med, Online Volume(158), pages 133-137. Available athttp//www.atsjournals.org/doi/full/10.1164/ajrccm.156.1.9509041readcube-epdf Accessed 31 Aug. 2016.Harper,P. (1975). Congenital myotonic dystrophy in Britain. Archives of Disease in Childhood, Online Volume(50), pages 505-513. Available athttp//adc.bmj.com/ guinea pig/50/7/505.full.pdf Accessed 29 Aug. 2016.Kaspersky, (2015). Kaspersky Lab Patents Automated False-Positive Testing Technology Based on Machine Learning Alg orithms. Online Available at http//www.kaspersky.com/about/ intelligence operation/product/2015/Kaspersky-Lab-Patents-Automated-False-Positive-Testing-Technology-Based-on-Machine-Learning-Algorithms Accessed 29 Aug. 2016.Kurzgesagt In a Nutshell, (2016). Genetic Engineering Will Change Everything Forever CRISPR. Online Available at https//www.youtube.com/watch?v=jAhjPd4uNFY Accessed 11 Aug. 2016. get laid Science, (2013). DNA Definition, Structure Discovery. Online Available at http//www.livescience.com/37247-dna.html Accessed 20 Aug. 2016.Lui, Yunying etal.(2013) Generation of functional organs from stem cells. BioMed Central, Page 1.McClatchey,K. (2002). Clinical Laboratory Medicine. 2nd Edition. Philadelphia Lippincott Williams Wilkins, Page 1237.Medical News Today, (2014). Human lungs successfully grown in a lab for the first time. Online Available at http//www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/272763.php Accessed 29 Aug. 2016.Myotonic Dystrophy Foundation, (2012).SCIENTISTS CRE ATE blind drunk MOLECULES AIMED AT TREATING MYOTONIC DYSTROPHY. Online Available at http//www.myotonic.org/scientists-create-potent-molecules-aimed-treating-myotonic-dystrophy Accessed 29 Aug. 2016.National Human Genome Research Institute, (2012). A New Five-Year Plan for the United States Human Genome Program. Online Available at https//www.genome.gov/10001476/human-genome-projects-fiveyear-plan-19931998/ Accessed 29. Aug. 2016.Nature, (2015). Leukaemia success heralds wave of gene-editing therapies. Online Available at http//www.nature.com/news/leukaemia-success-heralds-wave-of-gene-editing-therapies-1.18737 Accessed 31 Aug. 2016.New Scientist, (2015). Gene editing saves girl dying from leukaemia in world first. Online Available at https//www.newscientist.com/article/dn28454-gene-editing-saves-life-of-girl-dying-from-leukaemia-in-world-first/ Accessed 31 Aug. 2016.Openstax CNX, (2016). DNA Repair. Online Available at https//cnx.org/contents/emailprotected/DNA-Repair Accessed 20 A ug. 2016.Science Daily, (2015).Potential treatment identified for myotonic muscular dystrophy. Online. Available at https//www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2015/03/150318140652.htm Accessed 29 Aug. 2016.Toole,G. and Toole,S. (2015). A Level AQA Biology. 2nd Edition. Glasgow Bell and Bain Ltd. Pages 36-37, 202-203.University of Rochester Medical Center, (2012). A Promising Step Forward Toward Muscular Dystrophy Treatment. Online Available at https//www.urmc.rochester.edu/news/story/3572/a-promising-step-forward-toward-muscular-dystrophy-treatment.aspx Accessed 29 Aug. 2016.Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, (2001). Ten facts from the Human Genome Project. Online Available at http//www.sanger.ac.uk/news/view/ten-facts-human-genome-project Accessed 20 Aug. 2016.Your Genome, (2015). Is germline gene therapy ethical? Online Available at http//www.yourgenome.org/debates/is-germline-gene-therapy-ethical Accessed 31 Aug. 2016.Your Genome, (2016). What is CRISPR-Cas9? Online Available at http//ww w.yourgenome.org/facts/what-is-crispr-cas9 Accessed 31 Aug. 2016.AppendicesFigues and diagramFigure two Results of muscle weakness in Myotonic Dystrophy patients in contrast to those who dont have the disease.Figure three The stages of using bacteria to edit DNA sequence.Gantt ChartGlossaryDeoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) a molecule that is consist of instructions for an organism needs to develop, live and reproduce.Non-overlapping apiece base in the sequence is read one.Dominant allele the disease is present even if the individual only has one copy of the allele.Ribonucleic acid (RNA) a messenger carrying single stranded instructions from DNA to control protein synthesis.Enzyme-medicated process single enzyme or multiple enzymes synthesis copies of nuclei acid.False positive A result that indicates that a given condition is present when it is not.Cell membrane the partially permeable membrane surrounding the cytoplasm of a cell.Stem cells an undifferentiated cell of a multice llular organism which has the ability to differentiate to repair and replace damaged tissues and organs.Tissue - group of similar cells working together to perform a special function.Organ Combination of tissues that are coordinated to perfrm a variety of functions. Eg. Heart, lungs.T- Cells Type of lympocyte matured in the thymus gland that is involved in humoral immunity.Enzyme a protein with a specific active site and tertiary structure. It acts as a biological catalyst to bring about a biochemical reaction.Cas9 a protein that guides the RNA to enter cells without undergoing transcription and translation.DS1Good start. In future, try to practice academic language. Such as This account will or The research in this paper will discuss avoid using I, me, we my etc.DS2Good.DS3GoodDS4Excellent points raised.DS5Good point

High School Graduate in the Real World :: Personal Narrative Essays

High School Graduate in the Real WorldWith surprisingly minimal reluctance I grammatical construction my new life. My heart is filled with excitement, while my mind teems with anxiety. Everything has changed. I suppose it really hasnt, but it seems as if one little difference can begin you feel like the whole world is turning inside out. I go about what exit soon become routine for me without any imprimatur thoughts. Perhaps none of this has sunk in yet. I sit alone in a tiny cubicle only about five feet whole and examine my new surroundings. I have been given all the little luxuries that such an entrapment can afford. The outdated computer that noisily hums and groans, looking for sympathy. The adding machine, the pens, the highlighter, piles of written document and documents. It is all that I have right now. I am dressed in a new gray business suit, one of many gifts that I recently received. A new dress code for a new lifestyle. Only two days earlier I was standing on a stag e, looking out on nearly one thousand people, summing up bakers dozen years in five minutes. How do you express what effect thirteen years of schooling have had on you and your classmates in a new and unused way? My valedictorian address was one of the hardest papers-or speeches in this case-that I forever had to compose. The effort put into it also made it the most rewarding as well. For a college application I was asked what saying I would publicize if given the opportunity. My adjudicate was Living is doing, not merely being. Those two sentences were my favorite part of the speech. I talked about taking charge of our own lives and making a positive difference in the world. I didnt waste any time following my own advice. Two days later I am starting what will probably become one of the most challenging but personally fulfilling experiences of my life. At six oclock this morning my alarm clock at once again did not fail to wake me from my peaceful state. I can be so resentful o f that. Only seconds before I had been driving as quickly as my car would go around fuzzpin turns on a seemingly endless highway with a strong cool breeze blowing my hair in all directions. The remorseless beeping brought me back to reality. I went about my usual morning routine, except this time my destination would not be the same.

Schwa :: essays research papers

shwa     Schwas past is slightly blurred, barely it is generally held that the devotion has its roots in ancient Egypt. A small breakaway group are believed tohave gathered regularly to exchange news and, on occasion, personalised accounts oflandings by what they called star-creatures. These beings were identical tothe Egyptian gods, and their belief was that these beings came to their land,from their home amongst the stars, disguised as animals with which they werefamiliar (the jackal, the cat etc). Some hieroglyphics have been uncovered byarchaeologists which, according to Schwa followers, are the originalinscriptions of members of the ancient religion, but have been wronglyinterpreted by UFO fanatics as proof that aliens built the pyramids. Thisleads non-believers to give little freight to what was "actually a true andproper religion".     Since those primitive days the religion has developed enormously, butthe biggest and most important advancements have only scrape up in the past decade.Previously, followers had only gathered in what could be described as sects inmany different countries, with the highest concentration being in North America.It wasnt until 1986 that Jeff Krantz, a 19 year old art student at theUniversity of Michigan, started came to be known as The Union, a wave ofchange that would purify across the world over a period of two years, and wouldresult in united international Schwa religion.     "I had just been transferred from (the University of) Wisconsin in the primarily part of that year," Krantz says. "I had attended regular meetings with more or less half a dozen other believers. We met one night each week to talk aboutstuff related to our belief - that the Earth, and everything on it, was createdby extraterrestrial beings. I guess you could say theyre on the same level asthe gods of other religions, but we believe that our creators are actual living ,breathing beings, not spirits an analogy would be our superiority overcreatures which we created through gene technology, DNA splicing or whatever.     "At one of these meetings we decided that we should have some sort ofsymbol that we could make into stickers. Each of us could then stick them onbooks or wherever, just to get people thinking about what they could mean, andalso to bring the group together under an identifiable symbol - kind of like aflag."     The occupation fell to Adrian Blackwell, another art student whom Krantz sawoften outside of these meetings. "The idea for the sticker kind of came to mewhen I was on acid," Blackwell recalls, smiling.

Genghis Khan and the Making of the Modern World Essay -- History, Mong

The kiss of peace Mongolica, also known as the Mongol Peace and Pax Tatarica, was brought up at the end of the snip of Mongols conquests. Western Scholars designated the fourteenth ampere-second as the Pax Mongolica. The Pax Mongolica contributed to the development of a new global culture because the Mongol Khans pursued peaceful treat and diplomacy (220). The bubonic chivvy epidemic of the 1300s led to the destruction of the Mongol Empire because of the deaths it caused also, the plague had demoralized the living and deprived the Mongol Golden Family of its primary source of support by cutting off trade and tribute (247).The unsuccessful attack of Japan and Java is what caused Khubilai Khan to realize that the transport of food through ship is cheaper and more effective than by land route. The attack also educated the Mongols about shipbuilding. The Mongols used peaceful pursuits of trade when their military efforts were unsuccessful (223). The duration of conquering time for t he Mongols had ended, and now it was time for the era of peace. Instead of sending mounted warriors and fearsome siege engines, the Mongols now had humble priests, scholars, and ambassadors (220). The Mongols promoted trade along the routes across the empire and spread shelters with supplies every twenty or thirty miles (220,221). The stations had animals and guides to give the merchants guidance through tough terrain. In the system of shares, of all the goods confiscated in war, the members of the Golden Family, each orphan and widow was designated to a share of the wealth of each part of the empire. The Mongol officials received goods instead of being paid money, and they could sell or trade the goods to the market for money and other merchandise.The Pax Mongolia... ...s misused their common material interest to overcome the political fault diving them, while giving up political unity they had conserved a combined cultural and commercial empire. The connection that the Mongol Em pire relied on was the quick and constant motion of people, goods, and breeding around the empire.In conclusion the Pax Mongolica contributed to the new global culture by promotion trade, having galore(postnominal) technological innovations, and by influencing the aspects of the economic life. The decline of the Pax Mongolica was due to religious intolerance, the bubonic and the bubonic plague. The decline of the Pax Mongolica also caused a decline of trade. The plague had a devastating impact on many forms of the Mongolian empire, the trade routes were shut down, and the fear of getting the plague caused civilizations to be completely segregated from each other.

The Chi Omega Greek Theater and The Theater of Dionysus :: Architecture Compare contrast Essays

The Chi Omega classical Theater and The Theater of Dionysus The Chi Omega Greek Theater was constructed as a gift to the University commemorating ChiOmegas founding in 1895. It is the only United States structure of its kind and it was designed to be almost a replica of the planetary house of Dionysus at the Acropolis. The theater is used on the campus today for plays, pep rallies, and meetings. It is accessible to students, faculty, members of the community and acts as a constant reminder of the Greek Systems support of the school. The Greek Theater is not well known throughout the country, however it is a site of pride in Fayetteville. It stands for both the unity within the sorority and the monument to the goddess Demeter who support civilized life. The first use of the theater was in 1930, when a play was performed telling the story of Demeter and Persephone. The theater of Dionysus stands at the foot of the acropolis and its date originates back to the sixth Century, B.C.. Its originally wood seats rise in tiers above one another against the slope of the acropolis, creating a natural setting for the plays (Dooge, 231). The Greek Theater was create to house a drama which, during the festivals of Dionysus, had evolved from the long tradition of choral hymns which were presented distributively year. As Greek culture changed and flourished, entertainment transformed from being a serial of choral chanting and dancing to placing an emphasis on the impostor. As the actors importance grew, there became a need for a stage from which they could be seen by each of the fourteen thousand spectators the theater housed. The chorus was still a very active part of the entertainment and they resided in the orchestra (Norwich, 64). The orchestra was the oldest part of the Greek theater and thus, when the actor was givenmore emphasis, the chorus was still regarded very highly.